1891-S $1 XF45 认证号46155175, PCGS号7210

Q. David Bowers

The following narrative, with minor editing, is from my "Silver Dollars & Trade Dollars of the United States: A Complete Encyclopedia" (Wolfeboro, NH: Bowers and Merena Galleries, Inc., 1993)

Hoard coins: Quantities of Uncirculated 1891-S dollars were stored at the San Francisco Mint after striking, and remained there for many years. Bags were released from time to time-not many, but enough to keep the market price in the "common date" category. In 1941-2 a major payout occurred, and from that time through the next 10 years, 1891-S dollars were plentiful, especially in West Coast bank vaults and in the stocks of dealers there. The supply seems to have diminished during the early 1950s, and by later in the decade bag quantities were no longer seen and roll holdings were sparse.

It said that the 1962-1964 Treasury dispersals included a few 1891-S dollars, but I have no record that any significant quantity came out. Probably, most had been paid out before that time. The Redfield estate (1976) is said to have contained about 5,000 pieces, which Wayne Miller described as being well struck and lustrous, but "with plentiful abrasions."

Circulated grades: The 1891-S is common in worn grades up to and including AU-58. Many of the latter "sliders" were sold as Uncirculated coins years ago. Indeed, this situation was endemic in the 1960s and 1970s.

Mint State grades: In lower ranges from MS-60 to MS-62 the 1891-S Morgan dollar exists to the extent of an estimated 40,000 to 70,000 pieces. As grades increase, quantities decrease. I estimate that 12,000 to 20,000 MS-63 coins exist, 6,000 to 10,000 MS-64 examples, and only 1,600 to 2,600 MS-65 specimens.

Most Mint State 1891-S dollars are well struck and have excellent lustre. However, in lower grades many have a double dose of bagmarks.

Prooflike coins: Prooflike coins are plentiful but often have bagmarks and are in lower grades. About one in three prooflike 1891-S dollars is DMPL. Among DMPL coins, about 95% are below MS-65. In his Morgan and Peace Dollar Textbook, Wayne Miller had this to say about a cache of coins that came on the market in the late 1970s:

The Redfield hoard contained a significant number of prooflike pieces. These were of two distinct varieties. some with deep mirror surfaces on obverse and reverse but with gray spots which appeared to be caused either by exposure to salt water or peach juice or long-term temperature or humidity extremes. Others have very deep mirror surfaces on the obverse, and relatively free of spotting, but the reverses are only semiprooflike. Although the latter are more attractive overall, the prooflike pieces are more usually preferred. The enormous quantity of prooflike 1891-S dollars in this hoard reduced the relative prooflike rarity of this date. However in fully prooflike condition and without spotting, the 1891-S is still a rare coin.
Varieties

Circulation strikes:

1. Normal date: Breen-5622. Different positional varieties exist. Most or all the 27 pairs of dies must have been used.
2. Doubled Obverse Die: Breen-5623. VAM-3. Stars on the left and certain other features are doubled. Scarce, but probably only a small percentage of extant 1891-S dollars have been checked for this feature. VAM-8, 9 also show doubling of stars.

Dies prepared: Obverse: 27; Reverse: 27

Circulation strike mintage: 5,296,000; Delivery figures by month: January: 785,000; February: 685,000; March: 700,000; April: 1,000,000; May: 850,000; June: 1,000,000; July: 6,000; August: none; September: none; October: 70,000; November: 100,000; December: 100,000.

Estimated quantity melted: Probably at least hundreds of thousands under the Pittman Act. Many more during the escalation of silver bullion prices in the late 1970s.

Availability of prooflike coins: Prooflike coins are readily available. About one in three prooflike coins is DMPL, about 95% of which are below MS-65.

Characteristics of striking: Nearly always well struck and with attractive lustre.

Known hoards of Mint State coins: Bag quantities were released by the Treasury in the early 1940s through the early 1950s and, possibly, in the early 1960s. An estimated 5,000 or more coins were in the Redfield estate (1976).

Commentary

Mint State 1891-S dollars are usually seen sharply struck and with attractive lustre, but in lower levels such as MS-60 through 62, often bagmarked.

Additional Information

Distribution of Silver Dollars

The Annual Report of the Director of the Mint, 1891, told of the distribution of silver dollars at the San Francisco Mint: In mint July 1, 1890, $28,987,782; coinage of the fiscal year, 9,350,373; in mint July 1, 1891, 36,362,220; distributed from mint: 1,975,935.

A Bag of Dollars Makes the News The Numismatist, March 1919, printed this item:

"A sack of 1,000 silver dollars just delivered to a San Francisco bank has been in the vault of the Sub-Treasury since the day the coins were minted, October 21, 1891. The bank figures that if the money had been drawing interest from the date it was coined, the sack would by now be worth $3,000 instead of $1,000."

It must have been a slow month for news at The Numismatist, for bags of this general type were constantly delivered to various banks!